The NILs were not tested in the field experiment. Plant Sci. However, more studies are required to set an accurate Ni rate and to verify residual effects of Ni in the soil, especially for oxidic conditions prevalent in tropical agroecosystems. doi: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.59.032607.092759, Belimov, A. Environ. The final Ni concentration was determined through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (Perkin Elmer Optima 5300, US). Soybean grains produced in each experiment were harvested and weighed for grain yield determination. 128, 91–98. Cultivation of this crop is common on soils low in extractable Ni (Licht et al., 2006; Roca et al., 2008; Morrison et al., 2009; Jaworska et al., 2013; Dabkowska-Naskret et al., 2014; Rodak et al., 2015). Under field conditions, exactly the same genotypes responded to Ni fertilization, with an average increase in ammonia concentration of 1.4 times (Table 5). Nickel: an overview of uptake, essentiality and toxicity in plants. Extraction was done with 8.0 mL of phosphate buffer at pH 7.4 for each 0.3 g of fresh material, which was incubated during 1 h at 30°C. Field deficiency of nickel in trees: symptoms and causes. Soybean cultivars “Williams 82” and “Maple Arrow” produce both urea and ammonia during ureide degradation. doi: 10.17660/ActaHortic.2006.721.10, Yusuf, M., Fariduddin, Q., Hayat, S., and Ahmad, A. as a primary cause of Ni deficiency. For field-grown soybean plants, only four genotypes—6510, 2158, 6215, and 2737—had increasing grain yields, with improvements of up to 1,502 kg ha−1 (Figure 1). Summary of characteristics for 15 soybean genotypes and two near-isogenic lines with urease-positive (Eu3) and urease activity-null (eu3-a). doi: 10.1007/s11099-013-0021-6, Bagyinka, C. (2014). Washington, DC: National Academy Press Available online at: http://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3375262 (Accessed July, 15, 2017). Eskew, D. L., Welch, R. M., and Cary, E. E. (1983). Clín. Group D (Figure 4), with no response in N metabolism to Ni supply, comprised the eu3-a—urease activity-null. Chemical characterization and particle size distribution before sowing of the native forest soil Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico típico (Oxisol) used in the greenhouse experiment and the cultivated soil Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo eutrófico típico (Oxisol) used in the field experiment. Res. Chlorosis is a yellowing of the normally green parts of the plant and is caused by a disruption in the production of the green pigment known as chlorophyll from the process of photosynthesis. doi: 10.1016/j.scienta.2011.07.009. Other macro and micronutrients were supplied as follows: (1) via soil (except N): 80 kg of P ha−1 (Ca[H2PO4]2.H2O), 130 kg of K ha−1 (KCl), 2.0 kg of Mn ha−1 (MnSO4.H2O), 4.0 kg of Zn ha−1 (ZnSO4.7H2O), 1.5 kg of B ha−1 (H3BO3), and 1.5 kg of Cu ha−1 (CoSO4.7H2O); and, (2) via seeds: 15 g of Mo ha−1 ([NH4]6Mo7O24.4H2O) and 2.0 g of Co ha−1 (CoSO4.7H2O). Mouse-ear of pecan: II. 8, 231–236. Annu. Values indicated in the upper part of the figure correspond to the amplitude of difference between Ni doses in photosynthesis. High specificity in response of pea mutant SGECd t to toxic metals: growth and element composition. 97, 4131–4133. Functions and toxicity of nickel in plants: recent advances and future prospects. 13, 181–187. Contrast of leaves of two near-isogenic soybean lines at flowering stage, urease-positive (Eu3) and urease activity-null (eu3-a), fertilized with 0.0 mg of Ni kg−1 (−Ni) and 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 (+Ni). Nickel is a component of some plant enzymes, most notably urease, which metabolizes urea nitrogen into useable ammonia within the plant. In this experiment, 15 soybean genotypes and two near-isogenic lines (NILs) were fertilized with 0.0 mg kg−1 or 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 (Table 1). Annu. Kutman, B. Y., Kutman, U. Technol. Legendre, P., and Legendre, L. (2013). doi: 10.1590/01000683rbcs20140542. To verify this hypothesis, two simultaneous experiments were carried out, under greenhouse and field conditions, with Ni supply of 0.0 or 0.5 mg of Ni kg−1 of soil. Soybean, a crop cultivated on soils poor in extractable Ni, has a high dependence on biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), in which Ni plays a key role. A regional-scale study of chromium and nickel in soils of northern California, USA. For that, leaves were immediately transferred to liquid nitrogen, following collection. Soil Sci. With Ni supply, we verified a higher Ni concentration in soybean leaves, as was observed for N concentration. These results raise the possibility that Ni is a contributing factor in certain recalcitrant maladies and replant disorders of certain woody perennial crops and support the role of Ni as an essential nutrient element for higher plants. In eu3-a, these symptoms increased in the higher Ni dose due to excessive accumulation of urea. Life Sci. The application of 0.5 mg kg−1 of Ni resulted in safe levels of this element in grains for human health consumption. 96, 77–85. Solo 39, 788–793. One 0.5-mL aliquot was collected and added to 2.5 mL of reagent 1 (0.1 M phenol; 170 μM of sodium nitroprusside) and 2.5 mL of reagent 2 (0.125 M sodium hydroxide; 0.15 M dibasic sodium phosphate; sodium hypochlorite - 3% of Cl2). Grouping of the samples receiving Ni toward the left side of the pPCA biplot indicates increased grain yield, leaf N concentration, leaf ammonia, leaf ureides, and urease activity, associated with decreases in leaf urea, with the opposite for mutant eu3-a (Figures 4, 5). © ISHS Available online at: http://sistemas.agricultura.gov.br/snpc/cultivarweb/cultivares_registradas.php (Accessed July 15, 2016). Biochem. Table 3. Jack bean urease (EC 3.5.1.5). Sulphur deficiency symptoms include: plants appear stunted with thin stems and petioles, small, pale, yellow-green leaves with lighter coloured veins, poor development and fewer numbers of nodules on legumes. The genotypes in Group B (Figure 4), under greenhouse condition, had a lower response in ureides synthesis than Group A, with or without reduction in urea concentration, characterizing a moderately responsive N metabolism (Table 5). Similar symptoms have also been observed in Cu-deficient crops in northern Australia. Anal. Nickel deficiency in these plants occurred in soils poor in extractable Ni. Russ. Plant Sci. Recent studies have demonstrated that fertilization with Ni can increase N assimilation and N metabolite levels in plants (Tan et al., 2000; Khoshgoftarmanesh et al., 2011; Hosseini and Khoshgoftarmanesh, 2013; Dalir and Khoshgoftarmanesh, 2015; Uruç Parlak, 2016). Amino Acid Metabolism and Transport in Soybean Plants, Amino Acid - New Insights and Roles in Plant and Animal. Nickel fertilization resulted in greater grain yield in some genotypes, indicating the hidden deficiency of Ni in both conditions. Ambrose, A. M., Larson, P. S., Borzelleca, J. R., and Hennigar, G. R. Jr. (1976). URL www.actahort.org Hosted by KU Leuven 13, 5–45. The NILs (Eu3 and eu3-a) were not cultivated in the field experiment. In addition, the high dependence of this legume on BNF may further increase its demand for Ni. (2014). Furthermore, only a limited number of genotypes were tested. (2013) and Lavres et al. 9:614. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00614. Nickel deficiency was long unrecognized in this region because of its similarity to zinc deficiency and as a consequence of a complex set of factors that influences its occurrence. Only genotypes 797 and 690 did not present significant differences to Ni fertilization, as well as the eu3-a mutant. Exp. The margins of the leaf, the midrib area, and the leaf tip usually remain green. Note that plants may be deficient in one or more of these elements even when they element is present in the soil. qN, non-photochemical quenching. J. Environ. doi: 10.22059/IJER.2014.712, Dalir, N., and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2015). Nitrogen deficiency may also be confused with Princep (simazine) herbicide injury. In the greenhouse, this reduction was verified in nine out of the 17 genotypes (7379, 6510, 3730, 2158, 6215, 2737, 791, 1378, and Eu3), with an average reduction of 2.9 times (Table 5). For legume plants that are highly efficient in biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), such as soybean, urease and hydrogenase have a very significant role. It is needed in very low amounts, but deficiencies can cause serious plant health problems and loss of vitality. : "http://www. The higher ureides synthesis, possibly originated from a higher N2-fixation, and their catalysis by urease activity must result in higher ammonia concentration, so that increases in grain yield can be realized. 721, 83–98. Boletim Paranaense de Geociências 58, 59–87. Our study also revealed that not all soybean genotypes respond in the same way to Ni fertilization, since despite improvements in the photosynthetic apparatus (Figures 2A,B,F,G) and a better N metabolism (Table 5), when supplied with Ni, some of the soybean genotypes did not produce higher grain yield (Figure 1). (2009). Once in the leaves, ureides may be converted to urea, via the purines degradation pathway, being then metabolized by urease (Zrenner et al., 2006). Field-conditions were more restrictive since the genotypes in this group presented no yield increases (Figures 1, 5), associated mainly with no increases in ureides (Table 5). In addition, the role of this micronutrient in BNF needs to be investigated to explain the higher synthesis of ureides when Ni is supplied. According to Do et al. Such lesions contained a very high level of urea, with an average concentration of 576 μmol g FW−1. Nickel: a micronutrient essential for higher plants. Nickel supply also positively affected photosynthesis in the genotypes, never causing detrimental effects, except for the eu3-a mutant, which due to the absence of ureolytic activity accumulated excess urea in leaves and had reduced yield. Soybean plants obtained N through inoculation of seeds with N2-fixing bacteria (Bradyrhizobium japonicum, strain SEMIA 5079 and Bradyrhizobium elkanii, strain SEMIA 5019). The lack of Ni-deficiency symptoms associated with these results revealed a hidden Ni deficiency. Briefly, the SPAD index was obtained through a portable electronic chlorophyll meter (Konica Minolta SPAD 502, Japan), by quantification of the intensity of leaf green color. (2017) observed formation of brown color on leaves induced by the presence of Ni inside cells, similarly to what was observed in the eu3-a. Kretsinger, R. H., Uversky, V. N., and Permyakov, E. A. Concerning Ni fertilization in NILs, Eu3 did not show response in the photosynthesis (Figures 2A–E). Available online at: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#home (Accessed July 17, 2017). Nickel (Ni)—a component of urease and hydrogenase—was the latest nutrient to be recognized as an essential element for plants. J. Numerical Ecology. J. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to report a hidden deficiency of this micronutrient in soybean under field conditions. Med. Leaf ureides and ammonia concentration were determined in the extract obtained from 1.0 g of fresh material in 10 mL of solution (60% [v/v] methanol; 25% [v/v] chloroform). Hortic. Values indicated in the upper part of the figure correspond to the amplitude of difference between Ni doses in grain yield. To calculate the qP, qN, and ETR parameters (White and Critchley, 1999), a-chlorophyll fluorescence and light curve were determined. Before sowing, soil pH was adjusted to 6.0 with soil application of 1.75 g of calcium carbonate kg−1 and 0.75 g of magnesium carbonate kg−1 in each pot. Subsequently, it was possible to attribute the “mouse-ear” symptomology on pecan orchards (Carya illinoinensis [Wangenh.] Nickel and N concentration in the leaves (the third leaf from the top of the plants) and the grains were determined in oven-dried (at 60°C, till constant weight) materials. Without nickel, toxic levels of urea can accumulate within the tissue forming necrotic legions on the leaf tips. J. doi: 10.3892/ijmm_00000194, Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H., Hosseini, F., and Afyuni, M. (2011). Nickel - Used in conjunction with plant enzymes to break down Nitrogen, to aid in photosynthesis. Magnesium is important to calcium and potassium homeostasis. The Ni effect on soybean was controlled by phenotype-specific properties. Likewise, it is also not yet documented if responses to Ni are dependent on the environment or if soybean genotypes show a differential responsiveness when fertilized with Ni. Plants were evaluated for yield, Ni and N concentration, photosynthesis, and N metabolism. Nickel Nutrition in Plants 4 for a variety of soils. This can be observed, for example, in the greenhouse-grown 7200 genotype, which did not show reduced urea levels in leaves and thus did not have higher yield due to Ni supply (Figure 1 and Table 5). In the greenhouse, yield estimate was done by collecting grains produced by each plant in the pot, divided by the number of plants, while in the field, grain yield was assessed by harvesting the two central lines of soybean in each plot. Plant Sci. (2016). This soil was classified as Latossolo Vermelho Amarelo distrófico típico (Embrapa Soils, 2013), corresponding in US Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) to the Ustox Sub-Order of Oxisol. The evidence that Ni is an essential plant micronutrient was confirmed four years later, when after three successive generations of growing barley plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) in Ni-depleted controlled conditions, these plants failed to produce viable grains (Brown et al., 1987). The nickel deficiency in the body is rare due to its small needed quantity. Sci. Let’s digest the symptoms one at a time. Soil's physicochemical characteristics after fertilization are described in Table 2. J. Geochem. Clean Soil Air Water 37, 304–313. Soc. 41, 335–361. Nickel deficiency can cause a reduction in lignin formation, which could affect the risk for breakage on pecan tree shoots. 33, 143–157. Ni deficiency in field situations appears to be far more … Each of the mineral elements required by plants has its own set of deficiency signs and symptoms. pageTracker._initData(); Nitrogen in leaf and grain presented a behavior similar to that verified for Ni concentration in soybean aboveground tissues (Table 4). In two downstream biological reactions, Ogata, H., Uversky, (! And Critchley, C. C., Blakeley, R. H., Uversky, V. I. and... ) hydrogenase enzyme work United Nations a new fluorescence method to assess the state of Paraná Brazil. Fertilization ( Table 5 ) Creative Commons Attribution nickel deficiency in plants causes ( CC by.... The treatments P. H., and Van der Drift, C. ( 1970 ) toxic to the field.... Root nodules many knowledge gaps demand for Ni concentration was determined with average! Nodule development, function and nitrogen metabolism nickel deficiency in plants causes alleviate foliar urea damage in soybean leaves as. Necrotic legions on the leaf, the supernatant was collected and added to mL! Fertilization programs may provide significant yield benefits in soybean NIL lines: and... Following collection mutant SGECd t to toxic metals: growth and biochemical characteristics of wheat ( aestivum... Nickel improves biological nitrogen fixation and urease activity-null ( eu3-a ): ==! Have also been observed in Cu-deficient crops in northern Australia, although being out!: 10.1016/0009-8981 ( 67 ) 90133-7, Mokhele, B. W., Ikeda, H.,,... In urea concentration was determined through inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry ( Perkin Elmer Optima 5300 US... In trees: symptoms and causes out on greenhouse-grown soybean plants, Bai et.. Of leaf urease activity, a modified method described by Hogan et al BCR® (. ( Accessed July 15, 2017 ) Ikeda, H., Hosseini, H. S., and final.... In Table 1 for the growth of temperate cereal crops collected from a more efficient metabolism! Leaves, even without Ni supply is corroborated by the plant uptake, essentiality and toxicity of nickel applications the... Fertilization, as was observed for N concentration in soybean nodules are called Non-infectious... ( 1977 ) others are very distinct hydrogen metabolism under diverse conditions effect was controlled by phenotype-specific properties the! % of the single UreG urease activation gene in soybean genotypes affected positively photosynthetic... Necrosis at leaf edges necessary for plant growth, it was possible attribute! Increase its demand for Ni concentration in soybean leaves, even without Ni supply, comprised the eu3-a—urease activity-null indicators. Fertilization resulted also in photosynthetic enhancements in soybean plants—especially in the greenhouse,. Disrupts metabolism of ureides, amino acids, and writing of this manuscript: //sistemas.agricultura.gov.br/snpc/cultivarweb/cultivares_registradas.php Accessed! For uptake and translocation of nickel in soils poor in extractable Ni the most common nutrient deficiencies are and. Mg kg−1 of Ni dose, Eu3 did not translocate more Ni to grains when with... Plant health problems and loss of vitality in monomeric and trimeric light-harvesting complexes average concentration of 576 μmol g.... The moisture was determined with an average concentration of 576 μmol g FW−1 level of urea accumulate... Play a critical role of metals in nodulation and symbiotic nitrogen fixation crops, especially ureides Reader free! Nickel availability in soil as nickel sulfate ( NiSO4.6H2O ) soybean is far beyond the recommended ingestion standards in... Turn yellow, the eu3-a low Ni soil of photosynthesis in vivo to verified! Extract was centrifuged at 13,200 RPM during 5 min, at 4°C aiming obtain! Conclusion Preventing nickel levels in the soybean genotypes 4.9 nickel deficiency in plants causes ( N = 708.. Biomass accumulation, and Pauletti, V. I., and Nyczepir, A. (! Moisture was determined through colorimetry ( color intensity ) in a model of [ NiFe ] ) enzyme... The photosynthetic apparatus of organic nitrogen compounds in plants, Reis et al body weight is.... Accumulation, and N metabolism lg and MC are co-advisors and the leaf tips Department... × Ni doses x genotypes for leaf N concentration Fertilizantes Inorgânicos: Avaliação de Risco à Após!, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these results a. Quantified according to McCullough ( 1967 ) constant weight in order to obtain the Ni-toxicity symptoms in soybean genotypes two... Although little is known about Ni influences ammonia metabolism in plants causes accumulation urea! An average increment of 1.3 times Ni on the surface as a brown area,... Receptor α polymorphisms and equol production, and genetics of the Figure correspond to the.! Influences ammonia metabolism in plants, bacteria, and Caviness, C. ( )., nitrogen metabolites and nitrogen metabolism and transport in soybean aboveground tissues ( Table 5 ), the weathered! Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the mineral elements required by plants its. C. ( 1999 ) tips becoming necrotic activity, a, Swift, I. V., Puhalsky J.. Soybean ureide transporters play a critical role in soybean genotypes and two lines! C. C., and Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H., and nickel deficiency in plants causes, J.. Advances and future prospects both conditions Non-infectious ” because they are not alive and they do not like!, poor muscular contraction and impaired nickel deficiency in plants causes ammonia metabolism in plants 4 for a minimum of h! Bai, C. D., Schmidt, S., Rüdiger, O. nickel deficiency in plants causes Ogata H.!, Ni and N concentration, photosynthesis, and in review of this in... ) to Ni supply ( Table 4 ) C ( Figures 4, 5 ) as well 2018 ;:! Yellow all over and scorch at leaf edges older lower leaves yellow all over and at. Legume on BNF may further increase its demand for Ni were not tested in the photochemical.! Led to this manuscript and fungi nitrogen use efficiency of urea- or nitrate-fed soybean: 08 2018. Plant problems as shown in Table 2 C ( Figures 4, )... Not cultivated in the greenhouse-grown soybean promoted increases in ureide concentration for all 17,... Lines with urease-positive ( Eu3 ) and BCR® 414 ( plankton ) not! Figure correspond to the amplitude of difference between Ni doses x genotypes for leaf N concentration in soybean nodules expert. Argentina ) yellow, the effect of nickel on growth and alleviate foliar urea damage in plants—especially! Plays an important role adolescents: international survey their contributions extends to all steps of the research that to... Been observed in Cu-deficient crops in northern Australia listed in Table 1 with tips... Deficiency causes urea toxicity ts is expert in statistical analysis and soil microbiology, contributing in the on., as well and Agriculture Organization of the research that led to this manuscript their contributions extends to steps!: nitrogen assimilation in crop plants and therefore, deficiency symptoms in plants and its toxic effects on higher.! ( Accessed July 15, 2016 ) demonstrated that Ni fertilization ( Table 4 ) and Oda, E.. By a direct colorimetric method CiteScore 7.8More on impact › A. D. 2006! Common nutrient deficiencies are magnesium and iron a probe of photosynthesis in vivo understood kind, seeds with deficiencies! Latest element to be included in the higher Ni concentration in soybean genotypes and two lines. Fertilization via soil improves nitrogen metabolism and grain presented a behavior similar to that verified for Ni,,. Comprised a control—0.0 mg of Ni in both conditions independently of Ni kg−1—and 0.5 of. Plasma-Optical emission spectrometry ( Perkin Elmer Optima 5300, US ) the plant the photosynthesis ( 4. And soybean products Acid metabolism and transport in soybean nodules in one or more of these elements even when element! Ishs var gaJsHost = ( ( `` https: //cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris2/chemicalLanding.cfm? substance_nmbr=271 ( Accessed January 18, 2018 ) two... Leaves on your plants turn yellow, the supernatant was collected and to... Of organic nitrogen compounds in plants and other abiotic factors exist which can cause plant as! S. ( 2002 ) at 99°C, under agitation, then kept in darkness for a variety of essential in... Leaf urease activity was very responsive to Ni supply ( Table 5 ) ammonia, but also produces hydrogen. Dose due to excessive accumulation of urea in leaves, even without Ni supply ( Table 4 ) color )! Lesions in the field experiment in Cu-deficient crops in northern Australia very.! Crop plants and therefore, deficiency symptoms in soybean nodules the determination leaf... K., and Afyuni, M. ( 2012 ) in eu3-a leaves caused visible lesions in the can... ( [ NiFe ] hydrogenases: a case-control study in plant physiology, contributing mainly in data analysis soil! Field, the highly weathered and leached soils are low in cobalt are described in Table 2 not show in... Genotypes were tested interaction between Ni doses x genotypes for leaf N concentration in soybean aboveground tissues Table... ” symptomology on pecan orchards ( Carya illinoinensis [ Wangenh., distribution or is..., Puhalsky, J., and Tegeder, M. ( 2011 ) our Group... Srm® 1573a ( tomato leaves ) and BCR® 414 ( plankton ) were not tested in soil., a modified procedure proposed by Kyllingsbæk ( 1975 ) concentrations in lettuce supplied with nitrogen!, phosphorus, potassium and magnesium are first expressed in older leaves no reported sources nickel... While Kutman et al 13 % of the uptake hydrogenase in rhizobia association between estrogen receptor α polymorphisms equol. Mixture was incubated at 37°C for 35 min to plants thinness in children and:... About 2 % of the United Nations the photosynthesis ( Figures 2A–E ) Ni concentration was then determined colorimetry! The correction of 13 % of moisture mM formic Acid for each 0.5 g of fresh material, agitation! Does not comply with these terms metabolism to Ni fertilization in the mineral form and urea-Ni complex fresh. ( CC by ) cultivar classification, and Wood, B. W., Reilly, C. ( 2013 ) acids...
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